Interaction is common among different living species within a community and they can either cause interaction to reduced competition or predation, and the interaction can be direct or indirect interaction. We will focused on indirect interaction within a community. Direct interaction with a species is straight forward to understand, but indirect interaction is kind of different! Indirect interaction in food webs illustrate indirect interaction among species within the community. Indirect interaction can be define when one species does not interact with a second species directly, but influences a thirds species that does interact with second. For example, a predator may increase the population density of one or more inferior competitors by reducing the abundance of the superior competitor it preys on. We also have indirect positive interaction, result when one species benefits another indirectly through its interactions with others, reducing competition or predation in the community.
References:
Elements of Ecology 8 edition by Thomas M. Smith & Robert Leo Smith.
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